hystrix请求命令

Hystrix有两个请求命令 HystrixCommand、HystrixObservableCommand。

  HystrixCommand用在依赖服务返回单个操作结果的时候。又两种执行方式

   -execute():同步执行。从依赖的服务返回一个单一的结果对象,或是在发生错误的时候抛出异常。

   -queue();异步执行。直接返回一个Future对象,其中包含了服务执行结束时要返回的单一结果对象。

  HystrixObservableCommand 用在依赖服务返回多个操作结果的时候。它也实现了两种执行方式

   -observe():返回Obervable对象,他代表了操作的多个结果,他是一个HotObservable

   -toObservable():同样返回Observable对象,也代表了操作多个结果,但它返回的是一个Cold Observable。

HystrixCommand:

使用方式一:继承的方式

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package org.hope.hystrix.example;

import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommandGroupKey;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommandKey;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixRequestCache;
import com.netflix.hystrix.strategy.concurrency.HystrixConcurrencyStrategyDefault;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
* Created by lisen on 2017/12/15.
* HystrixCommand用在命令服务返回单个操作结果的时候
*/
public class CommandHelloWorld extends HystrixCommand<String> {
private final String name;

public CommandHelloWorld(String name) {
super(HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey("ExampleGroup"));
this.name = name;
}

@Override
protected String run() throws Exception {
int i = 1/0;
return "Hello " + name + "!";
}

/**
* 降级。Hystrix会在run()执行过程中出现错误、超时、线程池拒绝、断路器熔断等情况时,
* 执行getFallBack()方法内的逻辑
*/
@Override
protected String getFallback() {
return "faild";
}
}

单元测试:

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package org.hope.hystrix.example;

import org.junit.Test;
import rx.Observable;
import rx.Observer;
import rx.Subscription;
import rx.functions.Action1;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

/**
* Created by lisen on 2017/12/15.
*
*/
public class CommandHelloWorldTest {

/**
* 测试同步执行
*/
@Test
public void testSynchronous() {
System.out.println(new CommandHelloWorld("World").execute());
}

/**
* 测试异步执行
*/
@Test
public void testAsynchronous() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
Future<String> fWorld = new CommandHelloWorld("World").queue();
System.out.println(fWorld.get()); //一步执行用get()来获取结果
}

/**
* 虽然HystrixCommand具备了observe()和toObservable()的功能,但是它的实现有一定的局限性,
* 它返回的Observable只能发射一次数据,所以Hystrix还提供了HystrixObservableCommand,
* 通过它实现的命令可以获取能发多次的Observable
*/
@Test
public void testObserve() {
/**
* 返回的是Hot Observable,HotObservable,不论 “事件源” 是否有“订阅者”
* 都会在创建后对事件进行发布。所以对于Hot Observable的每一个“订阅者”都有
* 可能从“事件源”的中途开始的,并可能只是看到了整个操作的局部过程
*/
//blocking
Observable<String> ho = new CommandHelloWorld("World").observe();
// System.out.println(ho.toBlocking().single());

//non-blockking
//- this is a verbose anonymous inner-class approach and doesn't do assertions
ho.subscribe(new Observer<String>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
System.out.println("==============onCompleted");
}

@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

@Override
public void onNext(String s) {
System.out.println("=========onNext: " + s);
}
});

ho.subscribe(new Action1<String>() {
@Override
public void call(String s) {
System.out.println("==================call:" + s);
}
});
}

@Test
public void testToObservable() {
/**
* Cold Observable在没有 “订阅者” 的时候并不会发布时间,
* 而是进行等待,知道有 “订阅者” 之后才发布事件,所以对于
* Cold Observable的订阅者,它可以保证从一开始看到整个操作的全部过程。
*/
Observable<String> co = new CommandHelloWorld("World").toObservable();
System.out.println(co.toBlocking().single());
}

}

使用方式二:注解的方式;

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package org.hope.hystrix.example.service;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.ObservableExecutionMode;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.command.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import rx.Observable;
import rx.Subscriber;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

/**
* 用@HystrixCommand的方式来实现
*/
@Service
public class UserService {
/**
* 同步的方式。
* fallbackMethod定义降级
*/
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "helloFallback")
public String getUserId(String name) {
int i = 1/0; //此处抛异常,测试服务降级
return "你好:" + name;
}

public String helloFallback(String name) {
return "error";
}

//异步的执行
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getUserNameError")
public Future<String> getUserName(final Long id) {
return new AsyncResult<String>() {
@Override
public String invoke() {
int i = 1/0;//此处抛异常,测试服务降级
return "小明:" + id;
}
};
}

public String getUserNameError(Long id) {
return "faile";
}
}

单元测试:

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package org.hope.hystrix.example.service;

import javafx.application.Application;
import org.hope.hystrix.example.HystrixApplication;
import org.hope.hystrix.example.model.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = HystrixApplication.class)
public class UserServiceTest {

@Autowired
private UserService userService;

/**
* 测试同步
*/
@Test
public void testGetUserId() {
System.out.println("=================" + userService.getUserId("lisi"));
}

/**
* 测试异步
*/
@Test
public void testGetUserName() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
System.out.println("=================" + userService.getUserName(30L).get());
}
}

HystrixObservableCommand:

使用方式一:继承的方式

  HystrixObservable通过实现 protected Observable construct() 方法来执行逻辑。通过 重写 resumeWithFallback方法来实现服务降级

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package org.hope.hystrix.example;

import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommandGroupKey;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixObservableCommand;
import rx.Observable;
import rx.Subscriber;
import rx.schedulers.Schedulers;

public class ObservableCommandHelloWorld extends HystrixObservableCommand<String> {

private final String name;

public ObservableCommandHelloWorld(String name) {
super(HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey("ExampleGroup"));
this.name = name;
}

@Override
protected Observable<String> construct() {
return Observable.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<String>() {
@Override
public void call(Subscriber<? super String> subscriber) {
try {
if(!subscriber.isUnsubscribed()) {
subscriber.onNext("Hello");
int i = 1 / 0; //模拟异常
subscriber.onNext(name + "!");
subscriber.onCompleted();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
subscriber.onError(e);
}
}
}).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io());
}

/**
* 服务降级
*/
@Override
protected Observable<String> resumeWithFallback() {
return Observable.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<String>() {
@Override
public void call(Subscriber<? super String> subscriber) {
try {
if (!subscriber.isUnsubscribed()) {
subscriber.onNext("失败了!");
subscriber.onNext("找大神来排查一下吧!");
subscriber.onCompleted();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
subscriber.onError(e);
}
}
}).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io());
}
}

单元测试:

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package org.hope.hystrix.example;

import org.junit.Test;
import rx.Observable;

import java.util.Iterator;

public class ObservableCommandHelloWorldTest {

@Test
public void testObservable() {
Observable<String> observable= new ObservableCommandHelloWorld("World").observe();

Iterator<String> iterator = observable.toBlocking().getIterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(iterator.next());
}
}

@Test
public void testToObservable() {
Observable<String> observable= new ObservableCommandHelloWorld("World").observe();
Iterator<String> iterator = observable.toBlocking().getIterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(iterator.next());
}
}

}

使用方式二:注解的方式;

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package org.hope.hystrix.example.service;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.ObservableExecutionMode;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import rx.Observable;
import rx.Subscriber;

@Service
public class ObservableUserService {
/**
* EAGER参数表示使用observe()方式执行
*/
@HystrixCommand(observableExecutionMode = ObservableExecutionMode.EAGER, fallbackMethod = "observFailed") //使用observe()执行方式
public Observable<String> getUserById(final Long id) {
return Observable.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<String>() {
@Override
public void call(Subscriber<? super String> subscriber) {
try {
if(!subscriber.isUnsubscribed()) {
subscriber.onNext("张三的ID:");
int i = 1 / 0; //抛异常,模拟服务降级
subscriber.onNext(String.valueOf(id));
subscriber.onCompleted();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
subscriber.onError(e);
}
}
});
}

private String observFailed(Long id) {
return "observFailed---->" + id;
}

/**
* LAZY参数表示使用toObservable()方式执行
*/
@HystrixCommand(observableExecutionMode = ObservableExecutionMode.LAZY, fallbackMethod = "toObserbableError") //表示使用toObservable()执行方式
public Observable<String> getUserByName(final String name) {
return Observable.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<String>() {
@Override
public void call(Subscriber<? super String> subscriber) {
try {
if(!subscriber.isUnsubscribed()) {
subscriber.onNext("找到");
subscriber.onNext(name);
int i = 1/0; ////抛异常,模拟服务降级
subscriber.onNext("了");
subscriber.onCompleted();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
subscriber.onError(e);
}
}
});
}

private String toObserbableError(String name) {
return "toObserbableError--->" + name;
}

}

单元测试:

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package org.hope.hystrix.example.service;

import org.hope.hystrix.example.HystrixApplication;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.util.Iterator;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = HystrixApplication.class)
public class ObservableUserServiceTest {

@Autowired
private ObservableUserService observableUserService;

@Test
public void testObserve() {
Iterator<String> iterator = observableUserService.getUserById(30L).toBlocking().getIterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
System.out.println("===============" + iterator.next());
}
}

@Test
public void testToObservable() {
Iterator<String> iterator = observableUserService.getUserByName("王五").toBlocking().getIterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
System.out.println("===============" + iterator.next());
}
}
}

总结:
  在实际使用时,我们需要为大多数执行过程中可能会失败的Hystrix命令实现服务降级逻辑,但是也有一些情况可以不去实现降级逻辑,比如:

  执行写操作的命令:

  执行批处理或离线计算的命令: